About
In a quiet street corner of Tomioka City, Gunma Prefecture, there stands a red brick building that has endured through the ages. This is the Tomioka Silk Mill, founded in 1872 (Meiji 5). At the dawn of Japan’s modernization, this site laid the foundation for the silk industry, and even now it maintains its dignity, welcoming all who visit.
Stepping onto the grounds, the first thing that catches the eye is the grand reeling mill, over 140 meters in length. This timber-framed brick building is constructed using a method known as the French bond, with a tiled roof that evokes traditional Japanese architecture. Inside, a vast pillarless space unfolds, conjuring images of when 300 reeling machines stood in rows and as many as 500 female workers busily worked.
The cocoon storage buildings to the east and west also leave a striking impression. Each two-story structure stretches 104 meters, designed for excellent ventilation to optimize the drying and preservation of cocoons. On the front entrance of the East Cocoon Warehouse stands an arch engraved with “Meiji 5,” breathing the spirit of the era into the present day.
The establishment of this silk mill was fueled by the passion and hard work of many people. French engineer Paul Brunat contributed his expertise as a raw silk inspector, striving to introduce silk-spinning technologies tailored to Japan’s climate and environment. Japanese pioneers like Eiichi Shibusawa and Junchu Odaka were also deeply involved in the project, helping build the foundation for Japan’s modern industrial development.
However, recruiting female workers was not easy, even after the completion of the buildings. Amid widespread anxiety and misunderstanding towards Westerners, Junchu Odaka’s daughter, Isami, volunteered as the very first worker. Her determination inspired other women. These women, known as the “Tomioka Maidens,” lived communally in dormitories, mastered the latest silk-reeling techniques, and spread these skills throughout Japan.
The Tomioka Silk Mill continued to operate for 115 years, until 1987. During that time, it overcame hardships such as the Great Kanto Earthquake and world wars, improving productivity through technological innovation and continuous investment in facilities. Today, the original buildings are still in excellent condition and have been recognized for their value as a World Heritage Site.
When you visit this place, you can sense the spirit of the Meiji era, the smiles and efforts of the female workers, and Japan’s burning passion for modernization. Touching the red brick walls, you feel as though the stories of ages past quietly speak to you. The Tomioka Silk Mill is not just a building but a living heritage encapsulating Japanese history, culture, and the heartfelt aspirations of its people.